Debts

Estate planning is not just about what happens when you die. Proper estate planning takes into consideration all aspects of your life and how to protect your accounts and property so that you can receive the maximum use and enjoyment during your life as well as protect whatever you choose to leave to your loved ones upon your death.

A trust is an important planning tool used to provide this protection. In its basic form, a trust is a formal relationship in which someone (the trustmaker) appoints someone else (the trustee) to hold title to and manage the trust accounts and property for the benefit of one or more people (the beneficiaries). In most cases, when people refer to a trust, they are usually referring to the document that outlines the trust details.
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If you carry debt, do not assume that your death or incapacity will make it automatically disappear. To the contrary, the money you owe may eat away at the assets you were planning to leave to your heirs or -- if you owe a large amount of money -- may wipe out your estate completely. Debt comes in many different forms including credit cards, student loans, car payments, mortgages, and other financial obligations. 

Not Just About Assets

Estate planning lets you name people you trust to manage your affairs if you’re unable to do so and lets you indicate who will receive your property upon your death. While estate planning typically focuses on ensuring your assets will be distributed to your intended beneficiaries upon your death, the collective purpose behind financial and estate planning is to ensure that you’re building the largest nest egg possible and then protecting your family and loved ones in the event of your death or incapacity.
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Death is a costly business.  Aside from funeral expenses, legal fees can take a big chunk out of how much is left for your loved ones after you’re gone. 

But it doesn’t have to be this way.  Careful planning can minimize the legal fees your loved ones will pay after you die.  Here’s how:

1.

You’ve had an attorney draft your estate planning documents, including your living trust and will. Probate avoidance and tax saving strategies have been implemented. Your documents are signed, notarized and witnessed in accordance with all applicable laws, and are stored in a location known to your chosen executor or estate administrator. Your work is done, right? Not exactly.

Although treasure hunts may be fun for youngsters, the fiduciaries of your estate will not find inventorying your assets to be nearly as exciting. When it comes time to settle your affairs, your estate representatives will be charged with the responsibility to gather and manage your assets, pay off debts and taxes, and distribute your assets to your named beneficiaries. This can be a tall order for an outsider who is likely unaware of the full scope of your assets.

If your fiduciaries cannot determine exactly what property you own, and its value and location, you are setting up your loved ones for a frustrating treasure hunt that can delay the settlement of your estate and rack up additional estate-related expenses. You may be remembered for the frustration of locating your assets, rather than the gifts made upon your death – not a legacy many wish to leave.

Instead, as you are establishing your estate plan take the extra time to record a comprehensive asset inventory and make sure those who will be responsible for settling your estate know where that inventory is stored. Do not presume that everything is handled once you meet with a lawyer and sign your documents. The legal instruments you have gone to the time, trouble and expense to prepare are practically worthless if your assets cannot be identified, located and transferred to your beneficiaries. However, creating a thoughtful asset inventory will aid your loved ones in closing your estate and honoring your memory.

Nobody knows better what assets you own than you. And who better than you to know an item’s value, age or location? Your fiduciaries may not have the benefit of tax or registration renewal notices for titled assets, and certainly won’t have copies of the titles or deeds – unless you provide them. It’s a good idea to include copies of the following items with your asset inventory:

• Deeds to real property
• Titles to personal property
• Statements for bank, brokerage, credit card and retirement accounts
• Stock certificates
• Life insurance policy
• Tax notices

For each of the above assets you should also list names and contact information for individuals who can assist with each the underlying assets, such as real estate attorneys, brokers, financial planners and accountants.

If your estate includes unique objects or valuable family heirlooms, a professional appraisal can help you plan your estate, and help your representatives settle your estate. If you have any property appraised, include a copy of the report with your asset inventory.

Care should be taken to continually update your asset inventory as things change. There will likely be many years between the time your estate plan is created and the day your fiduciaries must step in and settle your estate. Properties may be bought or sold, and these changes should be reflected in your asset inventory on an ongoing basis.
 

The role of an Personal Representative (or an Executor) is to effectuate a deceased person’s wishes as declared in a will after he or she has passed on. The Personal Representative’s responsibilities include the distribution of assets according to the will, the maintenance of assets until the will is settled, and the paying of estate bills and debts. An old joke says that you should choose an enemy to perform the task because it is such a thankless job, even though the Personal Representative may take a percentage of the estate’s assets as a fee. The following issues should be considered when choosing an Personal Representative for one's estate.

Competency: The Personal Representative of an estate will be going through financial and legal documents and transferring documents from the testator to the beneficiaries.
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A Personal Representative (PR) is responsible for the administration of an estate in Wisconsin. In other states, a Personal Representative may be called an Executor.  The Personal Representative's signature carries the same weight of the person whose estate is being administered. He or she must pay the deceased’s debts and then distribute the remaining assets of the estate. If any of the assets of the estate earn money, an executor must manage those assets responsibly. The process of doing so can be intimidating for an individual who has never done so before.

After a person passes away, the Personal Representative must locate the will and file it with the local probate office. Copies of the death certificate should be obtained and sent to banks, creditors, and relevant government agencies like social security. He or she should set up a new bank account in the name of the estate. All income received for the deceased, such as remaining paychecks, rents from investment properties, and the collection of outstanding loans receivable, should go into this separate bank account. Bills that need to be paid, like mortgage payments or tax bills, can be paid from this account. Assets should be maintained for the benefit of the estate’s heirs. A Personal Representative is under no obligation to contribute to an estate’s assets to pay the estate’s expenses.

An inventory of assets should be compiled and maintained by the Personal Representative at all times. An accounting of the estate’s assets, debts, income, and expenses should also be available upon request. If probate is not necessary to distribute the assets of an estate, the Personal Representative can elect not to enter probate. Assets may need to be sold in order to be distributed to the heirs. Only the Personal Representative can transfer title on behalf of an estate. After debts are paid and assets are distributed, an Personal Representative must dispose of any property remaining. He or she may be required to hire an attorney and appear in court on behalf of the estate if the will is challenged. For all of this trouble, an Personal Representative is permitted to take a fee from the estate’s assets. However, because the Personal Representative of an estate is usually a close family member, it is not uncommon for the Personal Representative to waive this fee. If any of these responsibilities are overwhelming for an Personal Representative, he or she may elect not to accept the position, or, if he or she has already accepted, may resign at any time.